肠道菌群与中药相互作用的研究进展

肠道菌群作为人体内庞大的微生态系统,与人体健康状况有着密切的关联。其特点是数量大、种类多,一旦失调,将会引发各种疾病。中药对肠道菌群的稳态具有调节作用,同时肠道菌群对中药成分具有代谢转化作用,中药与肠道菌群的相互作用研究对实现中药现代化具有重要意义。对近年来关于肠道菌群与中药相互作用的研究成果进行整理归纳,为后续进一步深入研究中药与肠道菌群的关系提供参考。     

帕金森病患者中医证型与血脂水平关系初探

目的:探求帕金森病患者中医证型与血脂代谢异常的关系。方法:选择52例帕金森病患者为病例组,50例一般情况与帕金森病组患者相匹配的健康人及50例脑梗死患者为对照组。检测帕金森病组及脑梗死组、正常老年人组的血脂水平,比较组间的差异性。同时对52例帕金森病患者进行中医证候分布规律调查,分析帕金森病患者中医证型与血脂水平之间的关系。结果:PD患者总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL-C)水平显著低于CI组及正常老年组(P0.05);CI患者TC、TG、LDL-C、Ox-LDL水平显著高于PD组和正常老年组(P0.05);气虚证及髓海不足证帕金森病患者TC、TG、LDL-C、Ox-LDL水平明显低于其他证型(P0.05)。结论:脂质代谢异常可能参与了PD的发病过程;正气亏虚是PD发生的根本原因,脂质代谢的异常可能为帕金森病患者痰、瘀等病理因素的生化物质基础和客观指标之一。     

柴胡疏肝散对肝郁型代谢综合征大鼠糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:观察柴胡疏肝散对肝郁型代谢综合征大鼠糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:将40只大鼠随机分为普通饲料空白组和高脂饲料造模组,每组各20只。高脂饲料造模组给予高脂饲料喂养,采用束缚情志应激法造模。造模成功后,将普通饲料空白组随机分为普通饲料生理盐水组和普通饲料药物干预组,每组各10只;将高脂饲料造模组随机分为造模生理盐水组和造模药物干预组,每组各10只。高脂饲料造模组继续予高脂饲料喂养。普通饲料生理盐水组和高脂造模生理盐水组予0.01 ml·g~(-1)生理盐水灌胃;普通饲料药物干预组和高脂饲料造模药物干预组予柴胡疏肝散,按0.01 m L·g~(-1)灌胃,每日2次,连续4周。大鼠禁食12 h后,从眼眶静脉采血,离心取上清,测定三酰甘油(three acyl glycerin,TG)、血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FBG)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FIN)。结果:高脂饲料造模组与空白组比较,HDL-C、TC、TG、FBG、FIN、胰岛素抵抗指数、体质量及腹围差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。造模药物干预组与造模生理盐水组大鼠比较,LDL-C、TC、FBG、FIN、胰岛素抵抗指数差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:柴胡疏肝散能改善肝郁型代谢综合征大鼠的胰岛素抵抗,从而影响其糖脂代谢。     

维、汉老年男性代谢综合征患者骨代谢相关因素分析

目的:探讨新疆维吾尔族和汉族男性代谢综合征(MS)患者骨代谢水平的特点。方法:采用双能X线法检测216例新疆维吾尔族老年男性代谢综合征患者和258例汉族老年男性代谢综合征患者骨密度,空腹抽血检测血清总睾酮(T)、血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血钙(Ca)、25羟维生素D(25OHvit D),血红蛋白(Hb)、测量血压(SBP、DBP)、计算体质指数(BMI)。结果:MS组与非MS组间T值、BMI、SBP、Hb组间存在统计学差异;代谢综合征患者Hb水平高于于非代谢综合征患者,在男性维吾尔族男性代谢综合征患者中,MS组空腹血糖高于非MS组。MS组中BMI值与FBG存在民族差异;同样在OP组中,BMI值与FBG存在民族差异。MS组中骨质疏松患者中睾酮水平有民族差异,OP组中MS患者有民族差异;均提示相关分析及协方差分析亦提示睾酮对骨密度值均有影响。结论:维、汉民族间BMI越大,骨密度越高;血糖控制与BMI相关;维吾尔老年男性代谢综合征合并骨质疏松患者睾酮水平高于汉族男性患者。     

Effects of surface finishing conditions on the biocompatibility of a nickel-chromium dental casting alloy

Objectives

To assess the effects of surface finishing condition (polished or alumina particle air abraded) on the biocompatibility of direct and indirect exposure to a nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) d.Sign^®10 dental casting alloy on oral keratinocytes. Biocompatibility was performed by assessing cellular viability and morphology, metabolic activity, cellular toxicity and presence of inflammatory cytokine markers.

Methods

Discs of d.Sign^®10 were cast, alumina particle air abraded and half were polished before surface roughness was determined by profilometry. Biocompatibility was assessed by placing the discs directly or indirectly (with immersion solutions) into contact with TR146 monolayers. Metal ion release was determined by ICP-MS. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion, metabolic activity by XTT and cellular toxicity by LDH. Inflammatory cytokine analysis was performed using sandwich ELISAs.

Results

The mean polished Ra value was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) compared with the alumina particle air abraded discs but metal ion release was significantly increased for the polished discs. Significant reductions in cell density of polished compared with alumina particle air abraded discs was observed following direct or indirect exposure. A significant reduction in metabolic activity, increase in cellular toxicity and an increase in the presence of inflammatory cytokine markers was highlighted for the polished relative to the alumina particle air abraded discs at 24 h.

Significance

Finishing condition of the Ni-Cr dental alloy investigated has important clinical implications. The approach of employing cell density and morphology, metabolic activity, cellular toxicity levels and inflammatory marker responses to TR146 epithelial cells combined with ICP-MS afforded the authors an increased insight into the complex processes dental alloys undergo in the oral environment.     

A longitudinal study of various crevicular fluid components as markers of periodontal disease activity

Abstract In order to examine the relationship of possible crevicular biochemical parameters to attachment loss (ALOSS), 330 sites from & untreated adult patients were monitored longitudinally at 3-month intervals, for up to 1 year. Attachment levels were measured with a force-sensing probe and an acrylic stent in duplicates at each study point. Crevicular samples were collected and used for the determination of the following 11 markers: number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagenase (COL), β-glucuromdase (BG), antigenic and functional elastase (AEL and FEL), α-1 antitrypsin (alAT), α-2 macroglobulin (a2M) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). 10 sites with ALOSS of 1.5 mm per 3 months (active sites) and 43 sites with negligible changes (inactive sites) were identified. Total amounts of ALP, BG and COL were found to be significantly higher in active as compared to inactive sites, prior to significant ALOSS, without any significant differences in crevicular fluid volume and clinical indices. When biochemical parameters were expressed as ratios to the number of PMNs, PGE₂/PMNs was significantly elevated in active sites. The capacity of such individual parameters to distinguish between active and inactive sites was limited. However, linear discriminant analysis using total amounts of PGE₂, COL, ALP, a2M, OC and AEL showed more significant diagnostic values (sensitivity: 80%. specificity: 91%). These findings suggest that the combination of several biochemical parameters in crevicular fluid could give more information to predict future clinical ALOSS.     

Metabolic syndrome: pathogenesis, medical care and dental implications

BACKGROUND: The dental literature contains little information about metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its dental implications. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors conducted a MEDLINE search for the period 2000 through 2005, using the term "metabolic syndrome" to define its pathophysiology, medical treatment and dental implications. RESULTS: MetS is the co-occurrence of abdominal obesity, hyper-triglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hypertension and impaired fasting glucose, which results from consumption of a high-calorie diet and decreased levels of physical activity superimposed on the appropriate genetic setting. Components of MetS synergistically promote the development of atherosclerosis, resulting in myocardial infarction and stroke. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Deteriorating oral health status is associated with worsening of the atherogenic profile. Tooth loss often results in chewing difficulties because of inadequate occlusive surfaces and may lead to alterations in food selection and dietary quality. This, in turn, adversely affects body composition and nutritional status, both of which are related to vascular health. Dentists should develop treatment plans that preserve and restore the dentition, thus ensuring maximum masticatory efficiency and affording patients the optimum opportunity to consume food that will not foster atherogenesis.     

Cytotoxicity of bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate on cytochrome P450-producing cells

Of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of carcinogen-activating enzymes, CYP3A is the major form found in human livers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of dental resin monomers after being metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP3A7, using a colony formation assay and a neutral red assay. Specimen wells were plated with transfected cells derived from the Chinese hamster lung at 100 cells well(-1). The experimental group consisted of CYP-producing 3A4-10 and 3A7-40 cells, while the control group consisted of non-CYP-producing CR-119 cells. Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and a positive control (Aflatoxine Bl) were added separately to each well and cultured for 7 days. After cultivation, the number of the colonies was counted and IC50 values were determined. The data were statistically analysed by a Student's t-test. The resultant of IC50 values indicated that the monomers were not metabolically activated by CYP3A4 or CYP3A7 as compared with the control (P < 0.05). We also confirmed that these monomers act neither as activators nor as inhibitors of CYP3A4 and CYP3A7.     

白假丝酵母菌对人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV304细胞增殖的诱导作用

目的 研究白假丝酵母菌(S.albicans)对人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV304细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响.方法 体外培养ECV304,实验分为S.albicans上清液组、S.albicans灭活菌液组、上清液和灭活菌液混合组、对照组.采用MTT法、细胞计数法、倒置显微镜及流式细胞术分别观察各组对ECV304细胞增殖及细...